Author:
Ho, Yi-Hsien 何益賢

Graduated Academic Year:
2021

Advisor:
Chiou, Chang-Tay, Peng, Chun-Heng  丘昌泰、彭俊亨

 

Abstract:

Urban texture is the context and traces formed by the interconnection of people, life, and space. It is an important indicator for observing urban development in contemporary urban planning. However, the changes in industrial structure in the post-industrial revolution era has caused many cities to shrink. When cultural governance has become increasingly prominent, the public sector began to explore urban theories to attempt revising policies and plan infrastructure, and hope to use culture as a crucial role in the preservation and innovation of the urban texture.

Lukang Township, one of the three major cities during the Qing Dynasty, was the first settlement of Han Chinese immigrants. It is fascinating how the township maintained its unique urban texture and strong urban identity for hundreds of years. Therefore, this study chose to focus on analyzing the changes to Lukang Township’s urban texture from the cultural governance perspective, and hopes to see the changes in the urban texture of a representative cultural city from different angles. This study aims to further analyze the current limitations and difficulties of urban development, and propose recommendations.

The study made a few discoveries. First, the Japanese Colonial Rule era had little impact on the urban texture of Lukang Township. The main reason was that the local governance policy was effective as the people of Lukang were tolerable merchants and were developmental during the National Government era. Second, the administrators weren’t the only factors determining the development township as those in governance positions were the key figures in the development of the urban texture. Third, the residents of Lukang Township only adapted to the changes in their lives with regards to the development of cultural tourism, and this so-called impression of Lukang Township is just a framework presented to the outside world. Fourth, the old buildings shouldn’t be destroyed and cultural preservation should be more than just words, but building structure needs to be rebuilt to cope with modern life. Integration of too many property rights holders wasn’t possible, loans can’t be taken out for old buildings, and owners are unable to maintain and preserve them. The public sector lacks professional talent, and there are no comprehensive support measures for restorations. Fifth, Jiaotou temples in Lukang Township have become more active, and religious beliefs have a certain amount influence on local affairs.

Based on the conclusions, this study has the following policy recommendations:
1. Create an inventory on the current status of the old buildings in the preservation area, classify and record them for regular tracking.
2. Establish an old building adoption system, and call on enterprises to participate in the restoration and maintenance of these buildings.
3. Formulate regulations for signboards in the preservation area, and appoint civic groups to hold workshops and public hearings to communicate with residents and gradually build consensus.
4. Use the Lukang District as the foundation to enhance industrial connection with the Fuxing-Lukang-Xiushui Community, and offer support for returning youth to start their own businesses.
5. Encourage universities to set up colleges in Lukang Township to bring about an academic atmosphere and local demand for education.
6. Establish a special area management unit, and jointly set up a management company with private enterprises for protection and rectification.
7. Refer to the Ecoc system to select domestic cultural cities. The aforementioned conclusions and recommendations are expected to provide a basis for the subsequent development and maintenance of Lukang Township’s urban texture.

　　城市紋理是由人、生活與空間相互交織構成的脈絡與軌跡，是當代都市計劃中觀察城市發展重要的指標，然而後工業革命時代的產業結構改變，使得許多城市面臨萎縮。當文化治理逐漸成為顯學，公部門開始透過城市理論的探討，嘗試透過政策的修訂與建設的規劃，期盼以文化為手段，在城市紋理的保存與創新之中扮演至關重要的關鍵角色。

　　鹿港身為清領時期的三大城市之一，身為第一個漢人移民聚落，數百年來如何保有獨特的城市紋理與強烈的城市認同，令人深感興趣，故本研究特別從文化治理觀點對於鹿港鎮的城市紋理變遷進行解析，冀望從不同的角度，深入觀察一個深具代表性的文化城市其紋理的變遷，進一步分析目前城市發展的限制與困境並提出建議。

　　研究發現幾點，首先是日治時期對於鹿港的城市紋理影響不高，主因是以漢制漢的政策奏效、鹿港人深具商人性格包容度高、國府時期發展掛帥；第二點是行政層級非決定城市發展的唯一因素，治理者的思維才是紋理發展的重要關鍵；第三點是鹿港居民對於發展文化觀光只是順應生活，所謂的鹿港印象是外界給予的框架；第四點是老房子不是不想留下，文化保存不能只是喊口號，主因為建築結構堪慮必須改建才得以應付現代生活、產權持有人過多無法整合、老屋無法貸款，所有權人無力維護與保存、公部門缺乏專業領域人才，修復配套措施不健全；第五點是時至今日，鹿港的角頭廟更為活躍，宗教信仰對於地方事務具有一定的影響力。

　　根據結論，本研究提出政策建議：1.盤點保存區內老屋現況進行分類造冊以定期追蹤；2.建立老屋認養制度，號召企業參與修復與維護；3.制訂保存區立面意象招牌規範，委由公民團體舉辦工作坊、公聽會與居民溝通、逐步建立共識；4.以鹿港街區為核心，強化福鹿秀生活圈的產業連結，以提供回流青年創業的支持；5. 鼓勵大學於鹿港設立學院，藉此提振文風並擴大鹿港內需；6. 成立特區管理單位，與民間企業共同組建管理公司進行保護與整治；7. 參考Ecoc制度，遴選國內文化城市。以上結論與建議，冀望對於後續鹿港鎮的城市紋理發展與維護提供依據。